Hi Jim. Great to hear from you. Thanks for taking the time. I have the thermostat out. I'll post a picture and in that picture where you see a hose coming from the bottom of the block and going to the thermostat housing is the bottom connection what you would call the block drain?Does that radiator have a baffle in it so that you can't see the opening of the neck, that the top hose hooks to, inside the radiator? It might be circulating, and you can't see it. If the tractor is just setting there idling it could take quite a while to feel much temperature change in the radiator, even with flow through it.
Is thermostat in it or out at present? If it is out, I would put it in and run the engine to warm it up. Monitor (with a handheld 'temp gun") the thermostat housing and the top of the radiator as the engine warms. Once you see the temperature rise at the top of the radiator monitor down the core to see if the flow spreads, follows a narrow path, or doesn't go anywhere.
I may have missed it but looking back at your posts on this I see:
You don't have a working temp gauge, and you haven't worked it, so you don't know if it overheats. Replace the temperature gauge now, so you have something to tell engine temperature.
You mentioned the cooling system is full of sludge. If the radiator is full of sludge there may not be a path for coolant to flow down through the radiator. Unhook the radiator hoses from the engine and use other hoses to connect a garden hose to the bottom radiator outlet and another to route what may come out the top, away from the tractor. Try running some water backwards through the radiator.
If you know the cooling system is full of sludge, take the water pump off and back flush the block from the block drain, out the water pump opening.
They make cooling system flush guns that use a combination of water and shop air to flush blocks, radiators and heater cores.
Just some thoughts
And yeah, this rad has the baffle so I can't see the top hose hole. I like your ideas and I'll do them all. I don't have a thermometer but I'll maybe get one if they're not too expensive but I'll put the thermostat back in and it should be telling, thermometer or not, where that heat goes. I'll seriously look into getting a thermometer though. I'd imaging I could use it for some other things too. I'll rig up some kind of adapter to back wash the rad with a garden hose and also backwash the block if I have to (I just wondering if I'm looking at the right hole in the block for that).