I need 20 gallons to fill a parts washer. I know there are a bunch of different solvents I could use. What do you use, and why? Typical steel parts to be washed of grease and grime, particularly engine parts. steve
Lots of recommendations for mineral spirits and variations on that theme, from Varisol to kerosene. They are all part of a series of hydrocarbons distilled from crude oil. The major difference between them is the boiling range, which corresponds to the flash point. As cleaners, the similarities are greater than the differences.
Citrus solvent is limonene, a natural byproduct of the orange juice industry that is also a good cleaner. As a solvent, it is stronger than mineral spirits for some things and has a similar flash point. Chemically, it is quite similar to turpentine, and not all that different from mineral spirits as a solvent. Mineral turpentine is mineral spirits.
For many of us, it comes down to cost since they all work, but with just enough differences to form preferences. I use K1 kerosene because I can't find mineral spirits for less than 4 times the price and I can't burn diesel in my kerosene heater. I can buy a 5 gallon can and use it for cleaning and heating the shop. Is it as good as mineral spirits or limonene in all respects? Probably not, but it isn't $15 per gallon better.
There are two properties that determine how strongly the different petroleum based solvents clean. They are the boiling point and aromatic content. Unfortunately, the same properties that make them stronger cleaners lower the flash point and how strongly they affect your skin. We generally avoid the solvents with lower boiling points and flash points like gasoline because we prefer to survive our efforts to clean the parts.
From lightest to heaviest, (lowest boiling range to highest) they are Light naptha and gasoline, heavy naptha (Varisol, Stoddard solvent and VM&P Naptha), mineral spirits, and Kerosene. Low odor mineral spirits are mineral spirits with the toluene and xylene removed. Before the chemistry was understood, the stinky things were called aromatic, and since most of the stinkers have benzene rings, the name still worked after they figured out the chemistry. Low odor is nicer to be around, but not quite as strong as a cleaner due to the lack of aromatics.
For thinning paints, the oiliness becomes important, so kerosene falls short and mineral spirits or naphtha dry faster and cleaner. If I really want a cleaner, dryer surface on tractor parts, I clean the bulk of the crud with kerosene and finish off with a small amount of paint thinner or VM&P naphtha. VM&P means varnish makers & painters. It's just a slightly faster drying paint thinner and very similar to Varisol and Stoddard.