Case distributor cap

On my Case 410 row crop gas which dist socket is for #1 wire?
After 65 plus years it could be any one of the four. It depends on which one the rotor was lined up to when the distributor was installed. Going by a picture in a book is really just a guess. Pull #1 sparkplug, with the tractor in neutral, while holding your finger over the #1 plug hole bump the starter to turn the engine when the pressure pushes your finger away, the rotor should be close to pointing at the cap terminal you want for # 1 plug wire in.
 
Small wood dowel?
If you are asking about using the dowel instead of a finger, try a cotton ball. Your finger doesn't go in the hole, just covers it to feel the compression. Some use a cotton ball which will blow out with compression. A dowel could work, just in the threads, not into the cylinder. It would need to be a slip fit, not a forced fit.
 
The most common distributor for 410B is the Auto-lite IAD-6003-2F

The factory distributor attitude is shown in the pic. The top bushing in the distributor drive is lubed by a vapor oiler that needs to be located just below the rotating shaft center to operate properly.

Static timing as Jim wrote. I use a cork lightly pressed in #1 hole to locate the compression stroke. Anything you lightly plug the hole with will blow out before the piston reaches TDC. Once the plug blows use a pen light in the hole to see the piston approaching and stopping at TDC. If the piston passes over TDC and starts down, back off 10-15 Degs to compensate for bearing clearances and slop in the engine and bring the piston up again.

As the piston nears TDC the points should just be starting to open. If not adjust the distributor head. Ideally ignition should start 4 degs BTDC.
 

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