weed id again

[glennster]

this stuff showed up last year and you guys i'd it for me but i forgot to write it down. i thought i got it all burned down last year with round up and 2-4d, but it came back this year with a vengenance. what the heck is it?

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and to keep every body happy, heres a tractor pic

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[morgan in ar]

Hemlock.

 

[Larry EC-OH]

Here you go.

Weed watch: Wild parsnip and poison hemlock
by Kristine Schaefer, Department of Entomology

Conditions the last few years have been especially favorable for two weeds in the parsnip family--wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) and poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). Wild parsnip and poison hemlock are non-native plants that originated in Europe. The edible roots of wild parsnip were consumed in ancient Greece and Rome while poison hemlock was used as a poison, most notably known as the poison that killed Socrates. Both can pose health hazards that many people may not be aware of.
Identification

Wild parsnip and poison hemlock typically act as biennials (occasionally as perennials), forming a rosette of basal leaves the first year, overwintering, and then flowering the second year. Wild parsnip flowers primarily from May through July; poison hemlock flowers from May through August.

The basal rosette of wild parsnip consists of large, pinnately compound leaves that resemble celery leaves. Leaves that develop on the stem are alternate, pinnately compound, with saw-toothed edges. The lower leaves have petioles (leaf stalks) whereas the upper leaves are attached directly to the stem (sessile). The stem is hollow and grooved, 2 to 5 feet in height. The flowers are small, predominantly yellow (occasionally white), and five-petaled, arranged in an umbel spanning from 2 to 6 inches.
Wild parsnip. (Kristine Schaefer)Wild parsnip. (Kristine Schaefer)

Poison hemlock basal rosette leaves are pinnately compound and fernlike. Leaves formed on the stem are alternate, finely divided, and clasp the stem at the nodes. Stems are hollow between nodes, ridged, and hairless with purple spots and blotches. Poison hemlock grows from 4 to 10 feet. The flowers are white with five notched petals arranged in an umbel approximately 2 to 3 inches across. The lack of hairs on the leaves and stems of poison hemlock can be used to distinguish it from wild carrot (Queen Anne's lace).
Poison hemlock. (Kristine Schaefer)Poison hemlock. (Kristine Schaefer)
Habitat and distribution

Wild parsnip and poison hemlock typically inhabit roadsides, pastures, field edges, or natural areas. Poison hemlock prefers moist conditions along streams and low-lying areas. Wild parsnip favors calcareous soils and sunny areas. Both are adaptable to different environments and can be found throughout most of the United States and Canada. They produce a large amount of seed, which contributes to their persistence and spread. Poison hemlock is listed as a secondary noxious weed in Iowa.
Special warnings

Wild parsnip plant parts contain a substance called psoralen, which can cause a condition known as "phytophotodermatitis." This reaction occurs when plant juice gets on the skin and the skin is exposed to sunlight. The results are skin reddening, rash development, and in severe cases, blisters and burning or scalding type pain. Wild parsnip burns often occur in elongated spots or streaks. Dark red or brownish skin discoloration develops where the burn or blisters first appeared and can last for several months.

All parts of the poison hemlock plant are highly toxic to humans and animals and may result in death if ingested. Most of the recent cases of human poisoning have resulted from mistaking poison hemlock with edible species of the carrot family. Livestock poisoning usually occurs from the presence of poison hemlock in hay or when pastures are overgrazed and other sources of food have been depleted.

Extra care should be taken to wear protective clothing before working with or exposure to wild parsnip or poison hemlock.
Control measures

Cultural methods that favor the growth and development of desirable plant species are the best measures to deter wild parsnip and poison hemlock. Mechanical removal of flowers and seeds by hand pulling, digging the root crown, or repeated mowing can be effective control methods. Elimination of seed production is the goal. Since flowering does not occur all at once, the area must be monitored for several weeks. Chemical control options are available if mechanical methods are not feasible. Glyphosate can be spot sprayed on basal rosettes, applied in early spring or late fall when most desirable vegetation is dormant. Other options include phenoxy herbicides, such as 2,4-D or dicamba, applied in early spring or late summer/fall. Avoid contacting desirable plants with these herbicides. The area should be monitored as additional herbicide applications or mechanical control measures may be necessary for the next couple of years to control newly emerging plants.

Kristine Schaefer is an extension program specialist with the Pest Management and the Environment Program.

This article originally appeared on pages 219-220 of the IC-498(18) -- July 9, 2007 issue.
Article with photos

 

[Eric in IL]

I use 2 oz glyphosate with 2 oz Hi-Dep (2,4-D) per gallon water in a 4-wheeler sprayer.

 

[glennster]

i'll mix up and spray again this weekend, supposed to be up in the 70's. i wonder if i cut the bigger plants off and hit the base with tordon?

 

[4520BW]

I believe hemlock is bi-annual so if you keep it cut it will not reproduce or grow back. The first year it basically grows close to ground and sets a tap root. The next year is when it grows and flowers. It like the bull thistles do.

 

[Hayfarmer]

I would think you would get pretty good supression if you just run over them with the 830

 

[Eric in IL]

The article Larry posted says it can be either biennial or perennial . I have also read that other places. I guess a root killer might not be money wasted if you can tell which plants are acting like perennials.

 

[Hay hay hay]

Crossbow works on it. My neighbor just had his fields sprayed with "Grazon" and it really knocked down the hemlock.
Mowing works. The seed is in the ground and disturbing the soil really allows it to get started.

 

[glennster]

'nuther question......if i cut off the bigger ones that are starting to seed and toss em in the burn pile, is the smoke toxic like poison ivy? really dont want a trip to the er, or worse!!

 

[Steve@Advance]

Isn't that what Grandmama on Addams family cooked with?

Or was it Munsters?

 

[Mike(NEOhio)]

Is that the same as giant hogweed? Don't have any around me but I've read there is some in Ashtabula County. Serious stuff to deal with.

 

[Swede in IOWA]

It is poison Hemlock and is a real bear cat to get rid of. I have been working on it for 45 years here and still have to spray patches every year. It does not help that the county won't control it on right of way or a " nature trail" read abandoned railroad through our property. I use a cocktail of herbicides to spray it. Roundup, Crossbow,24D and crop oil. Try to hit it first thing in the spring and again later on. Good Luck. Swede

 

[Lazy WP]

Pretty deadly if you make a tea with it.

 

[Larry EC-OH]

Nope,

Giant hog weed is another all together different family. It also has sap tht causes allergic reactions. Two boys went blind when the cut the hollow stem stalks and were using then as a telescope.

That stuff will get 15-20 feet tall.

Larry

 

[jddrawbar]

Don't know about the weed, but that sure is a nice 820!!

 

[4520BW]

Might up the 2.4D rate a little as long as no flowers or vegetable plants are close. Maybe even some crossbow into the mix.

 

[rustyfarmall]

I will guess that what you did last year was effective, but there were/are seeds in the ground that did not sprout last year. Those seeds DID sprout this year, so whatever you did last year needs to be repeated this year. Quite possibly you will be fighting it for a few more years, but eventually you will win.

I fought a huge infestation of giant ragweed for several years. Each year, it looked like all that ragweed was dead, only to have it reappear the next year. Yes, I eventually did win.